OLD TOOL STUFF
Last updated February, 2008
Member: M-WTCA (Mid-West Tool Collectors Association)
PATINA (Potomac Antique Tools and Industries Association)
EAIA (Early American Industries Association)
CCCC (Canadian Corkscrew Collectors Club)
Here are some of our recent publications.
Books
Nov 2003 - 'A Guide to Gimlets', the first and only book ever written about this ancient boring tool. History, definitions, categorization by cutting edge style (56 styles in book, 15 more found since publication), patents, photographs. Currently out-of-print, but queries welcome.
May 2007 - 'Patented Ice-Reducing Tools, An Identification Guide for Hand-Held Picks, Chippers, Crushers, and Shaves'. The first and only book about hand-held ice tools used to reduce the large blocks of ice. Bound hard cover, 330 pages containing over 800 photographs and illustrations including examples from five extensive collections. Over 325 patents for these tools are explained. Index of all individuals and companies named in the book. There are copies still available. The book comes with the first addendum, compiled during the book publishing process. A second addendum (31 pages) has been completed and is posted on this web-site. The books cover photo and a sample page are shown below. The book is only available from the author. (toolman@rica.net)
The 31-page Second Addendum follows.
PATENTED ICE-REDUCING TOOLS - SECOND ADDENDUM
Issued February 6, 2008
The following additional patents, information, and examples surfaced after May 15, 2007 when distribution began for both the book and the First Addendum. A ‘dash 1’ (-1) after a number, e.g. A14-1, means it should be inserted after A14 and before A15. Additions covering both of the Addenda are included for both Appendices A & D of your book.
LIST of ADDITIONS
The following list indicates which entries have additional information provided in one or both of the Addenda. A ‘dash-1’ or ‘dash 2’, etc. indicates that an entirely new entry has been added. For example, A86-1 is a newly found patent that has been placed between A86 and A87 because of its issue date. An entry that has the same number as in the book indicates that additional information or examples have been found for that entry. A handy way to reference these additions is to make appropriate marks at the appropriate places in your book, whereby you will know that additional information is available in the Addenda.
Addendum #1 Addendum #2
A10 AM19 B5 C24-1 A2 AM1 B4 C4
A21 C41 A5 AM5 B5 C4-1
A26 C42 A10 AM7 B11 C11
A41 A14-1 AM8 B22 C19
A56 A25 AM12 B35 CM3
A63 A26 AM15 Appendix A
A84 A33 AM16 Appendix D
A86-1 A36 AM17
A91-1 A41 AM20
A107-1 A46
A107-2 A51
A125 A52
A134-1 A56
A139-1 A58
A159-1 A61
A201 A67
A222-1 A71
A232-1 A96
A244 A108
A245 A125
A246 A133
A138
A141
A151-1
A175
A198
A211
A228
A242-1
A245-1
PICKS
Figure A2d shows two more unmarked variants of Giffing’s patent. The top pick has a round wheel-like disk for a sliding hammer. The bottom example is 17 ½ inches long and has a brass sliding weight that goes in either direction – toward the pick point on the right or toward the bladed end on the left.
Figure A2d. Two more variants of Giffing’s patent (JP)
Figure A5c shows three free-falling picks. This style usually has a solid knob on the end of the handle, but the middle pick has a threaded plug in the center of the handle, as shown in the close-up at the right. Perhaps this was so that the pick could be easily replaced if it broke off, but the screw is rusted in and cannot be removed without damaging it.
Figure A5c. Free-falling picks (BN)
Figure A10h shows an example having two separate metal pieces pinned together through the handle. One of the crusher pieces has lugs and the other is a round, flat disk.
Figure A10h. Two types of crushers (JP)
A14-1. Patent number 97,715 was issued on December 7, 1869 to Samuel B. Smith of New Haven, CT for a combined hammer, claw, ice pick, and screwdriver. The pick is the pointed poll opposite the hammer face. He also gives several other applications for these features. His drawing is shown in Figure A14-1. See Figure AM1g for an example having many similarities with this patent.
Figure A14-1. Smiths hammer and ice pick
A25 & Figure A25c. Through two additional examples the genealogy of A25 has been revealed, maybe. On December 10, 1867 Conklin was issued patent number 71,986 for the construction of a tack hammer. His construction was to make it entirely of cast iron with a hollowed-out handle, and treat it and coat it with a Japan varnish. It appears to be a slight modification (hollowing out the handle and coating it) of Crockett’s Dec. 18, 1866 patent (no. 60,482). Stanley used Conklin’s patent in the No. 6 & 12 tack hammers.
On February 23, 1869 Conklin obtained a reissue of his patent, number RE3,308. In the reissue he added the possibility that a portion of the advantages of his invention may be obtained by making it of other material. It is not clear whether he meant another type of metal or adding another material to the hollowed out handle section. It may have been intentionally unclear so that a reissue would be allowed (a different metal composition would have been allowed, adding wooden handle grips would not have been allowed). The outcome was the incorporation of wooden inserts in the handle (probably his intention), and this design was evident in Stanley’s No. 4 Improved Tack Hammer, No. 5 Saddler’s and Upholsterer’s Hammer, and Nos. 9 & 10 Improved Steak Hammer and Ice Pick.
It is interesting that Conklin did not assign any of his three patents to Stanley as part of the patent, even though he was a principal in the company at the time. Examples of the ice pick have been found with three variations of marks. Variation 1, shown in Figure A25a, is unmarked. Variation 2 is marked PAT APPL’D DEC 10 1871, which may be the date of application for number 128,020. The third variation, shown in Figure A25c, is PATENT DEC. 10, 1867 FEB.13, 1869. These are Conklin’s first patent and the reissue of it, except that the FEB 13 should have been FEB 23 - probably a mistake in stamping.
Figure A25c. A marked Conklin pick
A26 & Figure A26p. George Alexander Schaal was assigned ½ of patent 325,209 (issued in 1885 for a railroad car brake), and was a co-inventor with Ahlers for patent 712,751, a patent issued on Nov. 4 1902 for a non-refillable bottle. So George was both an inventor and a manufacturer active in Baltimore during the period 1885-1902. There was also a John H. Schaal in Baltimore who was co-inventor of patent 242,056 (a fish scaler issued in 1881), and who was assigned ½ of patent 238,288 (a can opener, issued in 1881). Perhaps George and John were either brothers or father/son.
Figure A26q-1 (left) shows the marking of another two-foot shave similar to the one in A26q, but having the mark STAATSBURG on the blade. That is the mark of the Staatsburg Ice Tool Company, maker of axes and ice tools. It was located in Staatsburg, NY and was formed in the 1890s as a successor to companies operating under the Bodenstein name. It operated until circa 1923 when the name was changed to Staatsburg Mfg. Co. and a line of tools other than ice tools was added. Figure A26q-1 (right) is a Staatsburg mark on the shank of another ice reducer.
Figure A26q-1. Two Staatsburg marks (BN)
Figure A26r shows a four-pointed example that is marked Gilchrist Co. Newark NJ.
Figure A26r. A Gilchrist pick (JM)
Figure A26s shows four more small ice shaves similar to the one shown in Figure A26q. Their lengths are 21 ½ to 24 inches. The third shave down is marked GIFFORD-WOOD and is beveled on only one side.
Figure A26s. Four small shaves (JP)
Figure A26t shows three unusual and unmarked bladed picks. The top left example is like the middle pick in Figure A26f. The pick on the right has a hatchet blade instead of a pointed blade.
Figure A26t. Three unusual bladed picks (JP)
Figure A26u shows two more bladed picks, both unmarked. The left example is 10 ½ inches long and the right example is one piece metal, 8 ½ inches long.
Figure A26u. Two more bladed picks (JP)
Figure A26v shows an all-metal chipper with 11 teeth.
Figure A26v. Large bladed chipper (JP)
Figure A26w shows three ice cleavers or hacks. The long cleaver is 25 ½ inches long overall. According to the Gifford-Wood catalogs, cleavers were sometimes used in place of ice axes or hatchets. "They will split ice very fast, if not quite as true as a skillfully handled ax. We sharpen the end of the blade for use in shaving or scraping the ice, and our new 12-tooth pattern is much superior to the style having less teeth". Their 1906 catalog shows an 8-tooth cleaver as the No. 648. It is marked WM. T. WOOD & CO and has a blade length of 18 inches. The 1919 catalog shows No. 648 as a 12-tooth version having a blade length of 20 inches.
Figure A26w. Ice cleavers (JP)
Figure A33b shows two more examples of Hagerty variants similar to that shown in Figure A33a.
Figure A33b. More Hagerty variants (JP)
Figure A36a shows both sides of an example of Schaeffer’s kitchen tool. It is marked PATD DEC 28 1875.
Figure A36a. Schaeffer’s kitchen tool (JM)
Figure A41b shows an all-metal variant of Crawford’s pick and scoop. This example is marked BEST.
Figure A41b. A Crawford variant (JP)
Figure A46a shows a variant of A46 having a tack lifter added on the right end. The hooked end at the right, pointing down, is the ice pick.
Figure A46a. Variant of Shelley’s tool (JM)
Figure A51a shows an example of Patten’s tongs that are marked PAT APP’D FOR at the top, indicating that they may have been made between March 17 (date of patent application) and May 8 (patent issue date), 1883.
Figure A51a. Example of Patten’s tongs
Figure A52e shows another variation of Rex’s patent having the same slide hammer but a different blade configuration.
Figure A52e. Variant of A52 (JM) Figure A56g. Example of Rogers pick (BN)
Figure A56g shows an example with a single point and a handle true to the patent drawing.
It has the same blade marking as Figure A56a.
Figure A58a shows an example of Werner’s tongs patent. This example has the sharpened arm for splitting the ice as well as the saw for starting the break, true to the patent.
Figure A58a. A variant of Werner’s patent (BN)
Figure A61a shows an example that has several similarities to Patterson’s patent, although it is missing his ice pick. However, the end of the lower handle might function as a pick.
Figure A61a. Possible variation to A61 (JM)
Figure A67b shows another example of the ALASKA with a clear view of the markings on the blades, "ALASKA" and PATD NOV. 25,1890.
Figure A67b. A second example of the ALASKA (BN)
Figure A67c shows a smaller version of the Alaska (bottom) below the one shown in Figure A67b. The smaller one is only marked "ALASKA" and does not have the patent date on it, so it may be a pre-patent example.
Figure A67c. Two Alaska’s (BN)
Figure A71a shows an example of a variant of Topping’s patent. It has a similar bent wire rod for the weight to slide on but a different pick point arrangement, this one having a fixed pick whereas Topping’s has a sliding pick point. The example is 11 ½ inches long.
Figure A71a. A variant of Topping’s patent (JP)
Figure A96b shows two examples of A96. The bottom pick is identical to the one in Figure A96a, while the top one is longer and is marked "PAT 1-7-1902" on the handle, which is held together by two very thick wire clips.
Figure A96b. Two variants of A96 (BN)
Figure A108j shows a five-point pick marked KIPIL in raised letters.
Figure A108j. A Kipil pick (BN)
Figure A125d-1 shows what the inside looks like for the picks shown in Figure A125d. It is from an 1892 catalog of the C. W. Hackett Hardware Co. The pick is called the "Perfect" in the advertisement.
Figure A125d-1. An inside view of the picks shown in Figure A125d. (BN)
Figure A125h shows another spring-return pick complete and unassembled. The retaining ferrule crimps onto the wood handle. The pick shaft has ‘wings’ stamped on it to hold a brass collar that pushes against the spring.
Figure A125h. The insides of a spring-return pick (BN)
A133. Tyler was issued patent number 935,710 on October 5, 1909 for a bladed meat tenderer and vegetable chopper, but did not mention any other application in the patent. That design had three blades similar to the outside blades in A133, and allowed for up to nine blades in his design. See also A175 and B35.
Figure A138b shows an example of Harding’s pick with an unusual attachment inserted into a slot in the end of the cap lifter. The pick end has Harding’s 1912 patent date marked on it, and the attachment is marked with the patent date of May 22, 1917. The attachment patent is number 1,226,827 which was issued to Olof N. Tevander of Chicago, IL for a dislodging tool intended to lift crown caps, puncture and lift paper bottle closures, and cut wire closure fastening rings. The patent drawing is shown in Figure A138c.
Figure A138b. Tevander’s patented dislodging tool (BN)
William Painter of Baltimore, the inventor of the crown cap in 1892, invented many versions of bottle closures including the simple disk in 1885 (patent number 327,099). That type of closure was opened by puncturing and lifting it with tools like ice picks and the pick at the end of Harding’s patent. Painter improved upon his closure patent by adding a metal stud in the center. That was patent number 438,709 issued on October 21, 1890 and is shown in Figure A138d. On the same day he was also issued patent number 438,710 for an extractor to lift the studded disk. That patent is shown in Figure A138e. Note that the forked end of Painter’s extractor appears like the addition shown in Figure A138b. However, Painter’s studded disk was discontinued around 1891 in favor of his loop seal (patent 449,822), so the resemblance of the addition to his tool for the studded disk patent may just have been coincidence.
The Sommer Mfg. Co. added the 1917 patent to their Harding’s Pick by cutting a slot in the end of the cap lifter. They didn’t need the functions provided by Tevander’s patent because Harding’s pick already lifted crown caps, cut closure wires, and punctured paper caps. But by marking it with Tevander’s patent date they achieved several more years of patent protection. As shown in Figure A138b on the right, the forked addition has the blade tips in slightly different planes just as the patent calls for, so in that respect it is different than Painter’s forked extractor. This ‘1917’ version of Harding’s pick appears to be fairly hard to find.
Notice also that the cap lifter on Harding’s patent contains one small swaged lip, while the examples shown in Figure A138a contain two small swaged lips (top) and three swaged lips (bottom). The first two-lip cap lifter of this style was patented April 19, 1904 (number 757,548) but the lips were not swaged. The first two-lip cap lifter of this style with the lips swaged from both sides (so it could be used from either side) was Walker’s patent (number 1,150,083) issued on August 17, 1915. The two-lip examples shown here (Figures A138a & b) are swaged from only one side. However, the three-lip example in Figure A138a is swaged from both sides, and the patent for the three-lip double-swage cap lifter is Walker’s July 26, 1921 patent (number 1,385,976).
Figure A138c. Tevander’s Tool Figure A138d. Disk closure Figure A138e. Disk lifter
Figure A141a shows a variant of Hutchinson’s patent. This example does not have the slot in the center of the blade. It is marked SEMING MFG CO ICE PICK PHILA PA and is approximately 9 inches long.
Figure A141a. A variant of Hutchinson’s patent (JP)
A151-1. Design Patent number D 50,119 was issued on January 2, 1917 to William Louis Bessolo of San Diego, CA for a jar wrench, can opener, and ice chipper. None of these applications is mentioned in the patent, but they are obvious from the patent drawing that is shown in Figure A151-1.
Figure A151-1. Bessolo’s jar wrench
Figure A175a shows an example of Tyler’s December 5, 1922 patent containing the shave blade but not the pick blade. It is marked "PAT DEC 5 1922 The Tyler Mfg. Co. Muncie, IND" on both sides of the metal shank. It is not clear whether it was manufactured without the pick or whether the pick blade was lost.
Figure A175b shows an example of Tyler’s patent with the pick blade. The bottom of the Figure shows all the parts. The wood handle is stamped "M. H. TYLER MFG. CO. MUNCIE, INDIANA". Many examples have been seen without the pick blade, but an example with the pick blade is much harder to find. Because of the markings being different, and in different locations, the example in Figure A175b may be a pre-patent version and the example in Figure A175a (without the pick blade) may be as it was manufactured after the patent was issued. However, this will be disproved if someone finds an example with the pick blade that is marked with the patent date.
Figure A175a. Tyler’s December 1922 patent shave w/o pick
Figure A175b. Tyler’s Dec.1922 patented shave with pick
Figure A198a shows an example of Harrison’s patent. In this example the crimped sleeve appears to be somewhat open.
Figure A198a. Harrison’s patent variant (BN)
Figure A211a shows an example of Paradise’s mumble-peg patent that also incorporates a corkscrew and cap lifter in the end of the handle.
Figure A211a. Mumble-peg pick with corkscrew (JY)
Figure A228g shows a pick with a metal crusher cap having a flat side to prevent rolling.
Figure A228g. Pick with flat-sided cap (BN)
A242-1. A bar tending multi-tool. German patent number DE1,772,398 was issued on August 14, 1958 to Ed Wüsthof. His patent drawing is shown in Figure A242-1. The ice pick is the sharp point on the right labeled ‘8’. Figure A242-1a shows an example without the pick point. It is marked DREIZACK SOLINGEN D.B.G.M. The many uses listed for this "Trident Bar tender" are wire cutter (Champagne bottles), screwdriver, box top lifter, nut cracker, eases out champagne corks, opens screw-top jars, tack hammer, breaks ice cubes, cap lifter, can punch, and lime & lemon squeezer.
Figure A242-1. German bar tool Figure A242-1a. The Trident Bar Tender (DB)
A245-1. Canadian Patent number CA2192279 was issued on June 6, 1998 to Norman C. Jeffcoat for the same multi-tool described in A246 (listed in Addendum 1 as US patent 5,845,404 issued December 8, 1998).
Figure AM1a shows a multi-tool with an end point (left) that is probably an ice pick.
Figure AM1a. An interesting multi-tool (JM)
Figure AM1b shows an example having a hammer, hatchet, and screwdriver blade on the left end that could each be used as an ice reducer.
Figure AM1b. Multi-tool with hatchet Figure AM1c. Another Multi-tool (JM)
Figure AM1c shows a multi-tool that includes two knife/scissors sharpeners, a stove lid lifter, etc. The point facing down on the left end may serve as an ice pick.
Figure AM1d possibly has an ice application with the hammer used as a crusher, the pointed handle a pick, and the serrated blade on the other handle as a very small shave.
Figure AM1d. Possibly an ice application (JM) Figure AM1e. A 4-in-1 ice reducer (JM)
Figure AM1e appears to be a tool designed for ice reducing. It contains an ice hatchet, pick, crusher, and shave.
Figure AM1f is a meat tenderer and cube steak maker. However, the back blade (on top in the photo) could also function as an ice chipper.
Figure AM1f. Tenderer with chipper blade? (JM) Figure AM1g. Pick opposite hammer head (JM)
Figure AM1g shows an example in which the poll (opposite the hammer head, pointing up on the right end) could be used as an ice pick. Notice the similarity in the right end of this example and the left end of the patented tool shown in Figure A14-1.
Figure AM1h shows an example in which the point on the lower right might function as an ice pick.
Figure AM1h. Lower right point may be a pick (JM)
Figure AM1i shows a kitchen multi-tool consisting of an ice tray releaser, ice shaver, ice chipper, can opener, and bottle cap lifter. The tag is marked PAT PEND MADE IN USA H&L MFG CO.
Figure AM1i. Ice multi-tool (BN)
Figure AM5e shows two picks with replaceable points. In both picks the points just pull out (friction fit).
Figure AM5e. Two replaceable point picks (BN)
Figure AM7a shows a three-tine chipper with a cap lifter. It is marked STAINLESS STEEL JAPAN and in scroll letters nevco.
Figure AM7a. A Japanese chipper
Figure AM7b shows a three-tined chipper with its own scoop bowl and hammer. The handle is square in cross-section and slides freely on the square end of the shaft. That end has a "P" on it, and the handle is marked CHIP-RITE. The bottom of the bowl is marked CHIPRITE ICE PICK.
Figure AM7b. The Chip-Rite Ice Pick
Figure AM8d shows a fifth style of ice pick made by Winchester. The logo is marked on the ferrule.
Figure AM8d. Ferrule marked Winchester
Figure AM12b shows a close-up of a sheathed pick similar to the second pick from the bottom right in Figure AM12a. Notice that the plastic sheath holds a cap lifter and is also the handle for the pick when it is removed and reversed. It is marked MIDWEST ICE CO.
Figure AM12b. Plastic sheath with cap lifter and reversible pick (BN)
Figure AM12c shows a pick with a plastic sheath that is held in a wall-mounted clip.
Figure AM12c. Sheath with wall clip (BN)
Figure AM15d shows a pick that is marked CHATILLON on the shank. John Chatillon began in NYC in 1835, and was succeeded by John Chatillon & Sons circa 1867. The latter company was active into the 1890s. Their primary products were scales and balances although they also made knife sharpeners and cleavers. An ice axe and a pair of ice tongs have also been seen with the Chatillon mark. The tongs also had NEW YORK marked on them, as shown in Figure AM15e.
Figure AM15d. A Chatillon pick (BN) Figure AM15e. Mark on tongs
Figure AM15f shows an ice pick with a very unusual ice tongs attachment to the handle. The bent/twisted wire tongs are serrated on the inside surface to aid in gripping the chips of ice produced by the pick. The brass plate on the tongs is marked WIS LAKES ICE & CARTAGE CO. The Wisconsin Lakes & Cartage Company was founded in 1891 by John H. Kopmeier and existed until at least 1915. Eventually it became the Hometown Ice Company in Milwaukee.
Figure AM15f. Unusual tongs attachment (JY)
Figure AM16k shows a pick that appears to be marked ASCCMD ICE CO.
Figure AM16k. Mystery marking (JP)
Figure AM16L shows two all-metal picks. The top pick is 17 inches long and is marked GARLAND in raised letters on two sides of the handle. The bottom pick has eight flats on the handle (1 large, 2 small, 5 medium) and is marked ARCADE on the large flat.
Figure AM16L. Garland & Arcade picks (BN)
Figure AM17a shows a 12 5/8 inch long pick with a cast cap lifter on the handle.
Figure AM17a. Different style cap lifter (BN)
AM20. Ice Delivery Saw. Figure AM20 shows an ice delivery saw with an ice chipping blade at the tip. The blade is etched with the marks BRANCH-CROOKES SAW CO. CAST STEEL WARRANTED MACHINE GROUND ST. LOUIS MO. and the handle is marked BRANCH-CROOKES & CO.as shown in Figure AM20a. Branch-Crookes operated from 1849 to around 1891. Figure AM20b shows the chisel blade at the tip of the saw blade.
Figure AM20. Branch-Crookes ice saw & chipper
Figure AM20a. Saw Handle Figure AM20b. Chisel blade tip
SHAVES
Figure B4d shows another example of the shave shown in Figure B4c with additional markings. In addition to the PAT PENDING mark on the frame, its blade has the marking "COMPLIMENTS OF E. M. COATS & CO. SPRINGFIELD MASS." Those marks are shown in Figure B4d.
Figure B4d. Markings on second example of Figure B4c.
Figure B5e-1 shows yet another marking for Enterprise’s No. 33 shave. Like Figure B5e, this shave also lacks the patent date. It is marked ENTERPRISE M’F’G. CO. PHILA. No 33 U.S.A.
Figure B5e-1. Another Enterprise No. 33 without the patent date (BN)
Figure B5e-2 shows a pre-patent version of the Enterprise shave on the right, beside the patented version on the left. It appears about the same except that it is somewhat larger than the patented version and its opening for the blade is larger. The only marking is in the center of the lid, PAT. APP’D FOR.
Figure B5e-2. Enterprise pre-patent shave (BN)
Figure B5m-1 shows another example of an open bowl shave similar to those shown in Figure B5m, except that this shave has the separate blade riveted on the back rather than the inside. The image on the right in the Figure is looking into the bowl from the top. The shave is unmarked.
Figure B5m-1. Open bowl shave w/ blade on back
Figure B11a shows a shave that is somewhat similar to the 1897 design patent of Schwarzenberg shown in Figure B11. However, this shave is not one piece. The handle is removable and the blade is held on with a wedge fastened with two screws. There are also two screws that are used to adjust the depth of cut, and the shave is pushed rather than pulled. It is unmarked. A 3-inch diameter glass jar would fit nicely over the blade assembly inside the rim.
Figure B11a. Shave similar to B11 design
Figure B22L shows a CLAWSON SNOW PLANE having a plastic body. The plastic walls are about ¼ inch thick.
Figure B22L. Plastic Clawson Snow Plane
Figure B35a shows an example of Stein’s patent and also a variant to it. The top example is the design shown at the top in Figure B35 and the ice shave is the serrated blade pointing to the left, away from the handle on the example. This is a hard-to-find example and is unmarked. The bottom example is a commonly found variant of the design shown in the lower half of Figure B35, the variation being that the example also has a cap lifter. It is marked PAT PENDING MADE IN USA. This design is similar to the example shown in Figure A133c, which should also be considered a variant of Stein’s patent. Since Stein was also from Muncie, IN (Tyler, A133 & A175, was from Muncie when he first patented his blade design), perhaps Stein ‘borrowed’ from Tyler when designing B35, and perhaps the variants shown in Figure A133c and here (lower example) were never patented because they were too similar to Tyler’s and Steins patents.
Figure B35a. Example of Stein’s patent and a variant
CRUSHERS
Figure C4b shows another example of Strichter’s patent. The wood is stamped PAT NOV 28 71.
Figure C4b. Marked example of Strichter’s patent.
C4-1. Lemon squeezer & ice crusher. Patent number 240,858 was issued on May 3, 1881 to Joseph C. Steber of San Francisco, CA for an open-sided lemon squeezer. The patent makes no mention of any other application. Figure C4-1 shows the patent drawing and Figure C4-1a shows it advertised in the Hall & Willis Hardware Company catalog circa 1887. Notice that it has no sides on it. However, a version of this tool has been seen having one side and stamped ICE CRUSHER. An unmarked example of the ice crusher version is shown in Figure C4-1b, so apparently the patented lemon squeezer was adapted and manufactured also as an ice crusher.
Figure C4-1. Lemon Squeezer patent Figure C4-1a. Hall & Willis’ lemon squeezer (BN)
Figure C4-1b. Ice Crusher (JP)
Figure C4-1c shows another type of citrus crusher and ice crusher combination. This one was not patented but bears some similarity to the patent shown in A176. In addition to the large star, it is marked SQUEEZER REAMER ICE CUBE CRUSHER.
Figure C4-1c. Citrus reamer and ice crusher
Figure C11b shows an unmarked example of Christ’s crusher with a different arrangement of teeth. Unlike the patent, this example does not come apart.
Figure C11b. A variant of Christ’s patent (JM)
Figure C19a shows an example of Klingler’s second patent, alone and also mounted in his patented stand. It was made by the General Machine Company of Riverside, NJ and was called The Little Gem Ice Crusher. This example is a pre-patent version and is about nine inches long. His patent for the stand was issued on the same day (July 14, 1936) and is shown in Figure C19b. It is patent number 2,047,567.
Figure C19a. Klingler’s Second Patent Crusher with Stand (BN)
Figure C19b. Klingler’s Stand patent
Figure CM3i shows an all-metal bar tool having a cap lifter and a ‘golf ball’ ice crusher.
Figure CM3i. Golf ball ice crusher (BN)
Figure CM3j shows a bar tool consisting of a jigger, ice scoop, and ice crusher. It is the JIGGER WHACK that is also shown in Figure CM3e.
Figure CM3j. Bar tool (BN)
Figure CM3k shows a similar example without the jigger markings.
Figure CM3k. Bar tool without jigger marks
Figure CM3L shows a commemorative all-metal 7 ½ inch long bar tool. The box it came in is marked GROUND BREAKING CEREMONY FORT WORTH NATIONAL BANK 1971 BOTTLE OPENER ICE CRUSHER SCOOP JAPAN.
Figure CM3L. Bar shovel
Appendix A: List of Patent Numbers
.
This table is complete and contains the original table from the book plus the additions from Addendum 1 and Addendum 2. Foreign patents listed in this addition have been placed at the appropriate place according to their issue date. CA = Canada, DE = Germany, GB = Great Britain, JP = Japan. All additions to the original table are in bold type.
|
Design patents |
|
22,394 p A76 |
|
23,138 p A78 |
|
27,210 p A84 |
|
27,254 p A85 |
|
27,573 s B10 |
|
27,613 s B11 |
|
27,947 s B12 |
|
28,186 p A87 |
|
28,988 s B15 |
|
32,230 c C5 |
|
34,656 s B16 |
|
38,900 p A123 |
|
43,278 p A138 |
|
45,499 p A142 |
|
46,311 p A145 |
|
48,966 a D5 |
|
50,119 p A151-1 |
|
54,303 p A159 |
|
55,592 p A161 |
|
56,010 p A162 |
|
76,664 p A192 |
|
77,192 p A194 |
|
78,554 c C8 |
|
79,877 c C9 |
|
80,078 s B41 |
|
92,176 p A212 |
|
94,339 c C11 |
|
94,600 c C12 |
|
95,229 c C15 |
|
96,369 c C16 |
|
98,582 c C18 |
|
105,437 a A222d |
|
113,847 c C26 |
|
118,831 p A227 |
|
147,732 p A234 |
|
148,345 p A238h |
|
148,714 p A235 |
|
160,082 p A237 |
|
160,605 p A238 |
|
173,600 c C33 |
|
175,013 p A241 |
|
198,808 c C36 |
|
208,874 c C37 |
|
214,859 c C39 |
|
246,755 c C40 |
|
324,979 s B45 |
|
Utility Patents |
|
X 7,854 p A1 |
|
6,690 c C1 |
|
15,483 p A2 |
|
22,403 p A3 |
|
22,991 p A4 |
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23,969 p A5 |
|
29,220 p A6 |
|
45,633 c C2 |
|
48,173 s B1 |
|
50,198 c C3 |
|
54,653 p A7 |
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54,852 p A8 |
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56,423 p A9 |
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58,078 p A10 |
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66,557 p A11 |
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73,809 p A12 |
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77,752 p A13 |
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85,217 p A14 |
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97,715 p A14-1 |
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98,102 p A15 |
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101,424 p A16 |
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101,772 p A17 |
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109,867 p A18 |
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111,260 p A19 |
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115,585 p A20 |
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116,849 p A21 |
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117,754 p A22 |
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118,070 p A23 |
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121,434 c C4 |
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123,076 p A24 |
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128,020 p A25 |
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143,957 p A26 |
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149,417 p A27 |
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155,579 p A28 |
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159,273 p A29 |
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159,545 p A30 |
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161,282 p A31 |
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162,864 p A32 |
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165,729 p A33 |
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167,745 p A34 |
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169,175 p A35 |
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171,487 p A36 |
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177,106 p A37 |
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177,843 p A38 |
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180,521 p A39 |
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183,077 p A40 |
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189,196 p A41 |
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189,339 p A42 |
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191,093 p A43 |
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205,169 p A44 |
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216,310 p A45 |
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219,313 p A46 |
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222,186 p A47 |
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225,670 p A48 |
|
239,403 p A49 |
|
240,858 c C4-1 |
|
264,373 p A50 |
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277,334 p A51 |
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281,644 p A52 |
|
285,060 p A53 |
|
289,738 p A54 |
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296,501 p A55 |
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314,723 p A56 |
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315,148 p A57 |
|
320,624 a D1 |
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329,523 p A58 |
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342,813 a D2 |
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347,998 p A59 |
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358,862 p A60 |
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361,446 p A61 |
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392,107 p A62 |
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402,173 p A63 |
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418,541 p A64 |
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419,911 p A65 |
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430,009 s B2 |
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441,333 p A66 |
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452,555 p A67 |
|
456,838 s B3 |
|
458,463 p A68 |
|
460,094 p A69 |
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466,549 p A70 |
|
474,879 p A71 |
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475,978 p A72 |
|
476,052 p A73 |
|
477,919 p A74 |
|
482,883 s B4 |
|
484,518 p A75 |
|
499,286 p A77 |
|
500,923 s B5 |
|
526,585 s B6 |
|
530,866 p A79 |
|
537,021 p A80 |
|
539,474 p A81 |
|
541,842 p A82 |
|
563,763 s B7 |
|
579,325 p A83 |
|
581,177 s B8 |
|
585,697 p A86 |
|
587,230 s B9 |
|
GB189725138 p A86-1 |
|
595,855 s B13 |
|
596,566 s B14 |
|
609,406 p A88 |
|
618,258 p A89 |
|
625,201 p A90 |
|
637,048 p A91 |
|
GB189924151 p A91-1 |
|
655,692 p A92 |
|
660,052 p A93 |
|
667,276 p A94 |
|
674,117 p A95 |
|
675,118 a D3 |
|
685,961 s B17 |
|
690,829 p A96 |
|
717,998 p A97 |
|
719,966 s B18 |
|
721,326 p A98 |
|
724,096 p A99 |
|
740,162 p A100 |
|
747,981 p A101 |
|
749,665 p A102 |
|
756,356 p A103 |
|
758,811 p A104 |
|
766,558 p A105 |
|
769,239 p A106 |
|
771,419 p A107 |
|
773,428 p A107-1 |
|
GB190427932 p A107-2 |
|
787,509 p A108 |
|
790,590 p A109 |
|
797,609 p A110 |
|
798,141 p A111 |
|
802,308 s B19 |
|
Brit 472,939 p A112 |
|
831,313 p A113 |
|
832,727 p A114 |
|
837,172 p A115 |
|
844,043 p A116 |
|
844,146 c C6 |
|
846,486 p A117 |
|
846,843 p A118 |
|
849,108 s B20 |
|
859,880 p A119 |
|
861,415 p A120 |
|
863,390 p A121 |
|
865,989 p A122 |
|
870,446 s B21 |
|
878,839 p A124 |
|
903,053 s B23 |
|
918,893 s B24 |
|
926,346 p A125 |
|
933,488 s B25 |
|
949,470 p A127 |
|
949,667 p A128 |
|
951,890 p A129 |
|
952,473 p A130 |
|
956,412 p A131 |
|
982,564 p A132 |
|
988,605 p A133 |
|
994,402 p A134 |
|
GB191108934 p A134-1 |
|
1,008,734 p A135 |
|
1,013,823 s B26 |
|
1,020,762 p A136 |
|
1,041,605 p A137 |
|
1,059,783 p A139 |
|
GB191229606 p A139-1 |
|
1,074,307 p A140 |
|
1,080,220 p A141 |
|
1,094,569 p A143 |
|
1,103,132 p A144 |
|
1,107,070 s B27 |
|
1,114,447 p A146 |
|
1,122,893 p A147 |
|
1,131,669 a D4 |
|
1,132,248 p A148 |
|
1,133,052 p A149 |
|
1,136,561 p A150 |
|
1,155,663 s B28 |
|
1,171,296 p A151 |
|
1,194,838 s B29 |
|
1,212,915 s B30 |
|
1,233,673 s B31 |
|
1,237,040 p A152 |
|
1,237,075 a D6 |
|
1,239,394 p A153 |
|
1,266,982 p A154 |
|
1,267,233 p A155 |
|
1,298,961 p A156 |
|
1,305,711 p A157 |
|
1,313,804 p A158 |
|
CA196524 p A159-1 |
|
1,331,566 p A160 |
|
1,353,090 p A163 |
|
1,359,305 p A164 |
|
1,367,503 a D7 |
|
1,380,757 s B32 |
|
1,385,294 s B33 |
|
1,387,396 p A165 |
|
1,392,765 p A166 |
|
1,396,629 p A167 |
|
1,407,464 a D8 |
|
1,408,677 p A168 |
|
1,415,887 p A169 |
|
1,424,221 p A170 |
|
1,431,344 s B34 |
|
1,435,061 p A171 |
|
1,435,866 p A172 |
|
1,437,425 p A173 |
|
1,437,624 p A175 |
|
1,446,114 p A176 |
|
1,447,197 p A177 |
|
1,452,816 a D9 |
|
1,455,759 a D10 |
|
1,461,152 p A178 |
|
1,478,175 p A179 |
|
1,478,931 c C7 |
|
1,485,257 p A180 |
|
1,485,510 a D11 |
|
1,485,535 s B35 |
|
1,496,888 p A181 |
|
1,505,448 s B36 |
|
1,520,670 p A182 |
|
1,521,479 s B37 |
|
1,535,632 s B38 |
|
1,558,560 p A183 |
|
1,571,890 p A184 |
|
1,587,490 p A185 |
|
1,604,735 p A186 |
|
1,618,530 p A187 |
|
1,623,375 p A188 |
|
1,632,227 p A189 |
|
1,639,122 s B39 |
|
1,643,856 s B40 |
|
1,679,666 p A190 |
|
1,680,774 p A191 |
|
1,693,269 p A193 |
|
1,699,970 p A195 |
|
1,701,771 p A196 |
|
1,705,205 p A197 |
|
1,739,457 p A198 |
|
1,740,503 a (A222) |
|
1,741,294 p A199 |
|
1,754,673 a D12 |
|
1,768,035 p A200 |
|
1,781,475 p A201 |
|
1,791,826 p A202 |
|
1,793,378 p A203 |
|
1,806,828 p A204 |
|
1,834,266 p A205 |
|
1,843,135 p A206 |
|
1,863,801 p A207 |
|
1,896,756 p A208 |
|
1,923,986 p A209 |
|
1,930,056 c C10 |
|
1,933,171 a D13 |
|
1,953,690 p A210 |
|
1,956,875 p A211 |
|
1,965,917 p A213 |
|
1,972,920 p A214 |
|
1,988,807 p A215 |
|
1,991,307 p A216 |
|
1,992,645 c C13 |
|
1,994,004 c C14 |
|
1,994,546 p A217 |
|
2,010,326 c C17 |
|
2,019,009 p A218 |
|
2,027,993 p A219 |
|
2,030,735 a A222c |
|
2,039,850 p A220 |
|
2,039,926 p A221 |
|
2,047,566 c C19 |
|
2,047,567 a (C19) |
|
2,056,097 c C20 |
|
2,061,265 c C21 |
|
2,070,097 c C22 |
|
2,070,773 p A222 |
|
CA367187 p A222-1 |
|
2,086,253 a (A222) |
|
2,089,121 p A223 |
|
2,099,430 c C23 |
|
2,102,331 p A224 |
|
2,104,577 c C24 |
|
2,111,195 p A225 |
|
2,112,649 p A226 |
|
2,123,827 c C24-1 |
|
2,127,262 a A222d |
|
2,146,419 s B42 |
|
2,147,394 c C25 |
|
2,174,080 c C27 |
|
2,215,492 p A228 |
|
2,223,422 p A229 |
|
2,253,397 p A230 |
|
2,267,979 s B43 |
|
2,269,306 c C28 |
|
2,303,935 p A231 |
|
2,304,662 p A232 |
|
GB550241 p A232-1 |
|
2,418,434 p A233 |
|
2,458,806 p A236 |
|
2,474,100 c C29 |
|
2,546,739 c C30 |
|
2,558,335 s B44 |
|
2,622,781 c C31 |
|
2,626,092 a D14 |
|
2,651,840 p A239 |
|
2,656,865 p A240 |
|
2,674,861 c C32 |
|
2,726,446 c C34 |
|
2,739,498 p A242 |
|
2,799,998 c C35 |
|
DE1772398 p A242-1 |
|
3,155,329 c C36 |
|
3,385,530 c C38 |
|
4,458,415 p A243 |
|
JP6343563 p A244 |
|
JP9026242 p A245 |
|
CA2192279 p A245-1 |
|
5,845,404 p A246 |
|
JP2004144390 c C41 |
|
JP2005274064 c C42 |
|
7,055,200 s B46 |
Appendix D: Index of Names
This Index contains only entries that are new or have been modified by Addendums 1 & 2. All new information is shown in bold type.
Ahlers A26
Arndt, William F. A222, A222-1
ASCCMD Ice Co. AM16
Ball, Thomas J. A104, A107-2
Bessolo, William Louis A151
BEST A41
Bodenstein A26
Boghen, Jean A139-1
Brady, John A86-1, A88
Branch - Crookes Saw Co. AM20
Chatillon, John & Sons AM15
CHIP – RITE AM7
Coats & Co., E. M. B4
Coolerator Co., The A222, A222-1
Crockett A25
Daiken K. K. A245
Deininger, John A134-1, A137, A144
Eklund, Elmer A158, A159-1
Eshleman, John W. A75, see also A56
Eyrick, Philip A. C24-1
Ganzer, John H. A222, A222-1
GARLAND AM16
General Machine Co. C19
Gilchrist Co. A26, A157, B22
H & L Mfg. Co. AM1
Hackett Hardware Co., C. W. A125
Hall & Willis Hardware Co. A2, A10, A26, A55, AM15, AM16, C4-1
Hometown Ice Co. AM15
Hopkins, Warren B. C24-1
Hoshizaki Electric Co. C42
Jeffcoat, Norman C. A245-1, A246
Kadowaki, Shizuma C42
Keller, Carl H. A107-1
KIPIL A108
Kobayashi, Akira C41
Kopmeier, John H. AM15
LITTLE GEM C19
LITTLE GIANT C4-1
Mesne Assignments A41, A107-1
Midwest Ice Co. AM12
National Co. C24-1
NEVCO AM7
Ohashi, Masamoto A245
Ono, Yoshio A244
Oroshi, Wakamatsu Su Mingei Seizo A244
Painter, William A138
PERFECT A125
Schaal, George Alexander A26
Schaal, John H. A26
Sears & Co, A. H. A84
Seming Mfg. Co. A141
Sickles, Franklin D. A107-1
Smith, Samuel B. A14-1
Staatsburg Ice Tool Co. A26
Staatsburg Mfg. Co. A26
Stauffer Eshleman & Co. A56
Steber, Joseph C. C4-1
Storer, Richard Milton A232-1, A233
Tanaka, Kazuyoshi C42
Tevander, Olof N. A138
Tiger Crown K. K. C41
Toulotte, Bertin A91, A91-1
TRIDENT A242
Tyler, Melvin H. A133, A175, B35
Walker, Edwin A138, B9
Wisconsin Lakes Ice & Cartage Co. AM15
Wood & Co., William T. A18, A26, B17
Wüsthof, Ed A242